A developmental disorder or disability is a severe, chronic disability of an individual who has a mental or physical impairment up to the age of 22 that is likely to last indefinitely and result in significant functional limitations in three or more areas of major life activities.Developmental delay is defined as a failure to meet expected developmental milestones in one or more of the following areas: physical, social, emotional, intellectual, speech and language, and/or adaptive development (sometimes called self-care skills, which includes dressing, toileting, feeding, etc.).
These delays are diagnosed when a child performs approximately 25 to 30 percent below age norms in one or more of these areas (with adjustments for prematurity in affected children). Progress is occurring at a slower rate than expected following the intended sequence.

Some examples of physical or mental disorders that can lead to delayed development are:

• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Genetic or congenital disorders
• Severe sensory disturbances, including hearing and vision
• Inborn errors of metabolism
• Disorders that reflect a disorder in the development of the nervous system
• Congenital infections
• Secondary disorders after exposure to toxic substances, including fetal alcohol syndrome.

Screening for delay is obtained through an evaluation process, which includes at least three of the following: informed clinical judgment that includes observational assessment, standardized developmental test(s), developmental inventory, behavior checklist, measures of adaptive behavior, and parent interview. Stunting can occur temporarily or it can be long-lasting and never fully resolve.

Advantages of MSC:

• It penetrates the endothelial brain barrier
• Migrates at the site of injury (chemotaxis)
• Transports nearby cells and changes them (paracrine effect)
• Stimulates existing cells to self-renew (autocrine effect)
• Immune modulation
• It transforms into neurons and glia
• Promotes the formation of nerve cell axons (axogenesis)
• Releases neuroprotective factors
• Stimulates existing cells to adapt (neuroplasticity)